Pycnogenol (pine bark, branded)

Tier 2 — promising · Circulation · Cognition · OA

A proprietary French maritime pine bark extract standardised to 65–75% oligomeric procyanidins. A 2024 review of 28 trials found significant benefits for leg circulation, blood pressure, cognitive function, and knee OA pain. Over 160 clinical publications — the most studied pine bark extract. More expensive than generic OPC extracts but better evidenced.

Dose: 100–200 mg/day standardised Pycnogenol; 200 mg studied for cognitive decline prevention