Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)

Tier 2 — promising · Energy · Adrenal support · Skin

Essential for making coenzyme A, which your body needs to produce energy from food and synthesize hormones. True deficiency is extremely rare because this vitamin is found in nearly all foods. Supplementation may help with acne at higher doses, though evidence is limited. Very safe with no known upper limit for toxicity established.

Dose: 5–10 mg/day (adequate intake); 500 mg+ studied for acne but evidence is limited