Pterocarpus marsupium (Vijaysar)

Tier 3 — weak evidence · Blood sugar · Diabetes · Beta-cell regeneration

An Ayurvedic tree bark used for diabetes. Unique because animal studies suggest beta-cell regeneration, though unconfirmed in humans. Small Indian trials show significant blood sugar reduction. Traditional use involves water stored in heartwood cups. Evidence is largely limited to Indian research.

Dose: 2–4 g/day bark extract; beta-cell regeneration shown in animals only — not confirmed in humans