Bitter melon (Momordica charantia)

Tier 3 — weak evidence · Blood sugar · Diabetes · Metabolic

A traditional anti-diabetic remedy used across Asia, Africa, and South America. Contains at least 3 active compounds that lower blood sugar through different mechanisms. The Yin et al. 2018 Nutr J meta-analysis found modest HbA1c reductions in T2DM with methodological caveats, with smaller effects than metformin. May cause stomach upset and can dangerously lower blood sugar when combined with diabetes medications.

Dose: 1–3 g/day extract or 50 mL/day juice; monitor blood sugar closely if on diabetes medication