Neem (Azadirachta indica)

Tier 3 — weak evidence · Antimicrobial · Dental · Blood sugar

Used in Ayurvedic medicine for centuries with confirmed antimicrobial properties. Neem-based toothpaste significantly reduces plaque and gingivitis in multiple trials. Oral supplements show modest blood sugar reduction in small studies. However, neem oil taken internally can cause liver damage and should be avoided. The leaf extract is safer than the oil. Do not use during pregnancy as it may cause miscarriage.

Dose: 1–2 g/day dried leaf or 300–500 mg extract; AVOID neem oil internally; avoid during pregnancy