Alpha-ketoglutarate (aKG)

Tier 3 — weak evidence · Longevity · Mitochondria · Protein synthesis

A central Krebs cycle intermediate with multiple biological roles including nitrogen carrier, glutamate precursor, and collagen synthesis cofactor. Animal studies demonstrate lifespan extension and reduced biological ageing markers. A 2021 human pilot study found reduced biological age markers with calcium-AKG supplementation. Also researched for ammonia buffering in athletes and post-workout nitrogen management. Mechanistically credible; human healthspan data remains preliminary but growing.

Dose: 500–1,000 mg calcium-AKG or sodium-AKG, 30 minutes before meals