Pyruvate (calcium pyruvate)

Tier 3 — weak evidence · Weight management · Endurance · Metabolism

May help with modest fat loss by boosting cellular fat burning. A 2024 review of 6 trials found calcium pyruvate produces about 0.6 kg of fat loss. The effect is small but consistent across studies. High doses above 5 g per day commonly cause stomach discomfort. Not a significant weight loss solution on its own. Generally safe at moderate doses.

Dose: 5–6 g/day in divided doses; GI discomfort common above 5 g — start at 2–3 g