Phosphatidylserine

Tier 3 — weak evidence · Cognition · Memory · Cortisol

May support memory in older adults, but the evidence is thin. FDA allows a "qualified health claim" for phosphatidylserine, though this is a low bar that does not mean proven effectiveness. Shows modest memory improvements in some older adult trials, but overall clinical evidence remains limited. Safe at standard doses with no major side effects.

Dose: 300 mg/day (100 mg × 3 with meals)