Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

Tier 2 — promising · Nerve function · Energy metabolism · Deficiency

Essential water-soluble B vitamin required for glucose metabolism, nerve conduction, and cardiac function. Deficiency causes beriberi (peripheral neuropathy and heart failure) and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, a neurological emergency. High-risk groups include heavy alcohol users, patients post-bariatric surgery, those taking long-term diuretics, and patients with prolonged hyperemesis. A 2021 review (Beltramo, Acta Diabetol, PMID 34091762) highlights thiamine's role in preventing diabetic microangiopathy and neuropathy. Oral supplementation at 50-100 mg/day safely corrects non-emergency…

Dose: RDA: 1.1-1.2 mg/day for adults. Deficiency correction: 50-100 mg/day oral. High-risk individuals (alcohol dependence, post-bariatric): 100 mg/day prophylactically. Clinical Wernicke encephalopathy requires IV thiamine — oral dosing is insufficient.