Thiamine TTFD (sulbutiamine-related)

Tier 3 — weak evidence · Active B1 · Cognition · Mitochondrial

Tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide form of thiamine (B1) — a fat-soluble derivative that crosses cell membranes more readily than standard water-soluble thiamine and reaches the brain. Distinct from sulbutiamine and from benfotiamine, with somewhat different tissue distribution. Older Japanese clinical literature is most extensive; modern Western trial evidence is thin. Sulphur-related odour after dosing is common.

Dose: 50–200 mg TTFD daily with food