Pumpkin seed oil

Tier 3 — weak evidence · Men's health · BPH · Phytosterol

Cold-pressed Cucurbita pepo seed oil with phytosterol and zinc content. Two German RCTs (Vahlensieck, Friederich) showed symptom reduction in mild-to-moderate BPH at 320 mg-1 g/day over 12 weeks. Lower-grade evidence than saw palmetto but useful as an additive option. Avoid in anti-androgen prostate-cancer therapy (theoretical interference).

Dose: 320 mg standardised oil BID, OR 1-2 g unrefined oil daily