Multivitamins (healthy adults)

Tier 3 — weak evidence · General prevention

Not needed if you eat a balanced diet. The US Preventive Services Task Force (2022) found no evidence that multivitamins reduce cancer, heart disease, or death in healthy adults. However, they can be a useful safety net for people with restricted diets, limited sun exposure, or confirmed nutrient gaps. Choose a product with 100% or less of daily values. Avoid mega-dose formulations entirely.

Dose: One tablet/day of an RDA-level multivitamin (typical formula: 100% DV vitamins A, C, D, E, K, B-complex; 100% DV iodine, selenium, zinc; ≤100% iron only if deficient; calcium and magnesium typically below 50% DV due to size). Avoid mega-dose formulations. Take with breakfast.