Horny goat weed (Epimedium)

Tier 3 — weak evidence · Libido · Erectile function · Bone

Contains icariin, a compound that works on similar pathways to Viagra in lab studies. Only small human trials exist, and most evidence comes from animal and lab studies rather than real-world clinical research. Product quality and potency vary widely between brands. Not recommended as a first-line option. Consult your doctor for sexual health concerns.

Dose: 250–1,000 mg/day standardised extract (10–20% icariin); evidence insufficient for recommendation