Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Jiaogulan)

Tier 3 — weak evidence · Adaptogen · Glycaemic · Cardiovascular

Vining plant from southern China that contains gypenosides — saponins structurally related to ginsenosides. Small RCTs in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes show modest improvements in fasting glucose, ALT, and lipid profile. Used traditionally as a daily tea. Generally well tolerated; the most common complaint is mild GI upset at higher doses. Caution alongside antidiabetic medications.

Dose: 200–450 mg standardised extract daily, or 3–6 g tea daily