Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara)

Tier 4 — risky / avoid · Pyrrolizidine alkaloids · Liver cancer

Contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids that are classified as confirmed liver carcinogens. These toxic compounds cause liver vein blockage and can lead to liver cancer with repeated exposure. Historically used for cough, but the cancer risk far outweighs any respiratory benefit. Banned or restricted as a food ingredient in multiple countries.

Dose: AVOID — contains hepatocarcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids; banned in multiple countries