Cistanche tubulosa (Rou Cong Rong)

Tier 3 — weak evidence · TCM tonic · Anti-aging · Cognition

A desert parasitic plant used in TCM as a kidney yang and essence (Jing) tonic for longevity and virility. Contains echinacoside and acteoside with demonstrated neuroprotective and anti-fatigue effects in animal models. A 2024 pilot trial found 100 mg/day improved cognitive scores in mild cognitive impairment. Often combined with Epimedium in traditional formulas. Sustainability concerns due to wild harvesting.

Dose: 100–450 mg/day standardised extract (15% echinacosides); traditional decoction 9–15 g/day