Chondroitin sulfate (standalone)

Tier 2 — promising · Osteoarthritis · Cartilage preservation · Joint space · GAIT trial

A structural glycosaminoglycan that draws water into the joint matrix, providing cushioning and reducing cartilage degradation enzymes (MMP-3, MMP-13). Unlike glucosamine, chondroitin has stronger evidence for slowing structural OA progression rather than just symptom relief. The MOAKS study found 800 mg/day significantly reduced cartilage loss on MRI at 24 months. A 2023 network meta-analysis ranked chondroitin above glucosamine for joint space preservation. Pain relief effect size is modest but comparable to low-dose NSAIDs without the GI risks. European OA guidelines recommend it as a…

Dose: 800–1,200 mg/day chondroitin sulfate; separate from other supplements; minimum 3-month trial for structural benefits